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Gorani (also ''Gurani'') is a group of Northwestern Iranian dialects spoken by Kurdish〔"Kurdish language." Encyclopædia Britannica. 2010. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 23 Nov. 2010〕〔Edmonds, Cecil. Kurds, Turks, and Arabs: politics, travel, and research in northeastern Iraq, 1919-1925. Oxford University Press, 1957.〕 people in the southernmost parts of Iranian Kurdistan and the Iraqi Kurdistan region. It is classified as a member of the Zaza–Gorani branch of the Northwestern Iranian languages.〔J. N. Postgate, Languages of Iraq, ancient and modern, British School of Archaeology in Iraq, (): British School of Archaeology in Iraq, 2007, p. 138.〕 The Hewramî dialect, although often considered a sub-dialect of Gorani,〔D. N. Mackenzie, (Avromani ), Encyclopedia Iranica〕〔D. N. Mackenzie, (GURĀNI ), Encyclopedia Iranica〕 is a very distinct dialect spoken by Gorani/Hewrami people in a region called Hewraman along the Iran–Iraq border, and is sometimes considered to be a distinct language.〔http://portal.unesco.org/culture/en/ev.php-URL_ID=36232&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html〕 Although Gorani language shares similarities in vocabulary to Kurmanji and Sorani, also spoken by Kurds, Gorani is distinct grammatically from the two and shares similarities with Zazaki.〔 Gorani is spoken in the southwestern corner of province of Kurdistan and northwestern corner of province of Kermanshah in Iran, and in parts of the Halabja region in Iraqi Kurdistan and the Hawraman mountains between Iran and Iraq. The oldest literary documents in these related languages, or dialects, are written in Gorani. Many Gorani speakers belong to the religious grouping Yarsanism, with a large number of religious documents written in Gorani. Gorani was once an important literary language in the southeastern parts of the Kurdistan geographical region but has since been replaced by Sorani.〔Meri, Josef W. Medieval Islamic Civilization: A–K, index. p 444〕 In the 19th century, Gorani as a language was slowly replaced by Sorani in several cities, both in Iran and Iraq. Today, Sorani is the primary language spoken in cities including Kirkuk, Meriwan, and Halabja, which are still considered part of the greater Goran region. ==Etymology== The name Goran appears to be of Indo-Iranian origin. The name may be derived from the old Avestan word, ''gairi'', which means mountain.〔http://www.avesta.org/avdict/avdict.htm#dctg〕 The word Gorani refers to inhabitants of the mountains or highlanders as the suffix ''-i'' means ''from''. The word has been used to describe mountainous regions and the regions' communities in modern Kurdish literary texts. The name Horami is believed by some scholars to be derived from God's name in Avestan, Ahura Mazda.〔Nyberg, H.S. (1923), The Pahlavi documents of Avroman, Le Monde Oriental, XVII, p.189.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Gorani language」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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